'The Interactional Instinct', published in 2009, argued that the ubiquitous acquisition of language by all normal children was the result of a biologically based drive for infants and children to attach, bond, and affiliate with conspecifics in an attempt to become like them, leading children to seek out verbal interaction with caregivers and allowing them to become competent language speakers. 'Exploring the Interactional Instinct' expands the theory by examining interaction in second language acquisition, in different cultures, in different species, and in other areas of influence.